Background: Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is expressed by several tissues including osteoblasts, neutrophils and adipocytes. LCN2 is implicated in satiety control, energy regulation and cardio-metabolic health, suggesting a cross-talk between bone and other organs. However, it is unclear whether LCN2 is linked to metabolic syndrome (MetS) in older women.
Method: 781 community-dwelling older women were included in this cross-sectional study. Total circulating LCN2 levels was analysed in plasma using a two-step chemiluminescent microparticle monoclonal immunoassay on an automated platform (Abbott Diagnostics, Longford, Ireland). MetS was determined by a modified National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III classification. Women with diabetes were not included in MetS analysis. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was used to assess the association between quartiles of LCN2 and MetS (yes/no).
Results: Participants had a mean age of 75.1 ± 2.6 years and body mass index 26.9 ± 4.3 kg/m2. Women in the highest LCN2 Quartile (Q4, median 115.8 mg/L) had approximately 3 times (OR 3.05; 95%CI 1.86-5.02) greater odds for MetS compared to women in Q1 (median 55.6 mg/L) . Higher LCN2 was correlated with increased MetS score (rho=0.24, p<0.001). Women with MetS (score 3+) and type 2 diabetes (n=76, median = 82.7 mg/L) had higher circulating levels of LCN2 compared to those with a MetS score of 0 (n=84) (p<0.05 for all).
Conclusion: Higher circulating levels of LCN2 are a risk factor for MetS in older women. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether LCN2 can be used in clinical practice to identify older women at risk of developing MetS.